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preliminary hearing

preliminary hearing 〈美〉预审 刑事诉讼中由法官来审查对被告人的指控是否有充分的证据,从而决定是否应将被告人交付审判的程序。预审应由法官来主持,在联邦是由联邦司法官〔federal magistrate〕来主持。在预审程序中要查明三点:1是否有犯罪发生;2犯罪是否发生在法院的地域管辖区内;3是否有可成立的理由〔probable cause〕使人相信是被告人实施了该犯罪。预审的主要目的在于防止将起诉依据不充分的案件交付审判。在美国,重罪案件〔felony case〕的被告人有权要求进行预审。在对重罪案件是以检察官起诉书〔information〕提出指控的州,预审通常是一个关键的程序,预审的结果将决定诉讼是否继续进行。如果通过预审发现存在可成立的理由,预审法官将决定对被告人是否保释,并裁决将被告人交付初审法院审判。在对重罪案件是以大陪审团起诉书〔indictment〕提起公诉的州,预审法官经过预审,如果认为指控存在可成立的理由,即将案件送交大陪审团审查决定是否正式签发起诉书。在美国,预审并非刑事诉讼中的必经程序,如《联邦刑事诉讼规则》〔Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure〕规定,若在联邦司法官确定的预审日期之前已对被告人以检察官起诉书或大陪审团起诉书在联邦地区法院提起公诉的,即不应再进行预审。此外,被告人也可以放弃预审而直接进入审判程序。轻罪案件〔misdemeanor case〕的被告人是否有权请求预审,各司法区的规定不一。如在联邦,轻罪案件的被告人即无此项权利。该词也称preliminary examination; probable cause hearing; examining trial; felony preliminary; bindover hearing。在英国,刑事诉讼中的预审程序称committal proceedings。

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preliminary hearing

preliminary hearing. A criminal hearing (usu. conducted by a magistrate) to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to prosecute an accused person. • If sufficient evidence exists, the case will be set for trial or bound over for grand-jury review, or an information will be filed in the trial court. — Also termed preliminary examination;

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shelter hearing

Family law. A hearing shortly after the state’s removal of a child for suspected abuse or neglect. • The hearing is generally held within 24 to 72 hours after the removal. The purpose of the hearing is to determine whether the state has adequate cause to maintain the children in protective care. — Also termed

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